Twitter user engagement metrics are the key performance indicators that measure how your audience interacts with your content on the platform. If you're looking to understand these metrics quickly, here's what you need to know:
| Metric | Definition | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|
| Likes | Number of users who clicked the heart icon | Shows content appreciation |
| Retweets | Number of users who shared your tweet | Extends your reach |
| Replies | Number of comments on your tweet | Indicates conversation value |
| Clicks | Number of users who clicked on links, media, or profile | Shows interest beyond the tweet |
| Impressions | Total number of times your tweet was viewed | Measures overall visibility |
| Engagement Rate | (Total engagements ÷ impressions) × 100 | Measures content effectiveness |
The average engagement rate on Twitter (X) across all industries in 2024 is 0.029%, with top brands achieving around 0.102%. Sports teams typically see the highest engagement (0.072%), while media accounts often have the lowest (0.009%).
Twitter has evolved into a powerful platform for brands and individuals alike, with over 237.8 million monetizable daily active users spending an average of 34.1 minutes per day on the platform. Despite being renamed to "X," many still refer to it as Twitter, and it remains a vital channel for building brand awareness, driving traffic, and connecting with audiences.
Understanding these metrics isn't just about tracking numbers—it's about measuring the effectiveness of your social media strategy. When users engage with your content through likes, retweets, or replies, they're signaling that your message resonates. This engagement helps amplify your reach, boosts your visibility in the algorithm, and ultimately contributes to your marketing goals.
As Kevan Lee notes in his benchmark calculations: "Tweets are like children. You need to nurture them over time and keep testing and refining until you get it right."
Twitter engagement is more than just numbers—it's the pulse of your social media presence. When your tweets connect with your audience, they respond in ways that show they genuinely care about what you're sharing. These interactions create meaningful relationships that can transform your social media strategy from broadcasting messages to building a community.
Twitter engagement encompasses all the ways people interact with your content—likes, retweets, replies, mentions, and clicks. These interactions are the digital equivalent of a conversation, showing that your audience isn't just passively consuming your content but actively responding to it.
Why should this matter to your brand? For starters, engagement directly influences Twitter's algorithm. When your tweets spark interaction, the platform takes notice and rewards you with greater visibility. As one marketing expert puts it, "The algorithm loves conversation, not monologues."
Engagement also builds authentic relationships with your audience. When someone takes the time to reply to your tweet or share it with their followers, they're initiating a dialogue. These two-way conversations transform casual followers into loyal advocates who feel personally connected to your brand.
"A little bit of sass (funny, not mean) can go a long way in getting people to engage," notes a seasoned social media strategist. This highlights how showing your brand's personality can create those meaningful connections that numbers alone can't measure.
Beyond relationships, engagement provides invaluable feedback. The tweets that generate the most interaction offer a window into what your audience truly cares about, helping you refine your content strategy to better meet their needs and interests.
Perhaps most importantly, engagement organically extends your reach. When users retweet your content, it appears in their followers' timelines, introducing your brand to potential new followers who might never have finded you otherwise. This ripple effect can significantly amplify your message beyond your immediate audience.
Understanding the specific ways users can engage with your content helps you track what's working and optimize your strategy accordingly. Here are the key Twitter user engagement metrics you should be monitoring:
Likes signal appreciation for your content. While they may be the simplest form of engagement, they provide a quick gauge of which tweets resonate with your audience. A pattern of likes can reveal the topics and content styles your followers prefer.
Retweets represent users sharing your message with their own followers—essentially giving your content their stamp of approval. This action significantly expands your reach and is one of the most valuable forms of engagement.
Replies indicate that your content sparked enough interest for someone to join the conversation. These interactions can create community around your brand and keep your tweet active in the algorithm longer.
Quote tweets combine sharing with commentary, offering insight into why users found your content valuable enough to share. This context can be particularly helpful in understanding your audience's perspective.
Mentions occur when users tag your account in their tweets, creating a direct connection to your profile and potentially introducing you to their followers.
Profile clicks show curiosity about your brand beyond a single tweet. Users who take this step are expressing interest in learning more about who you are and what you offer.
Detail expands happen when users click on your tweet to see more information, such as the full conversation or media attachments, indicating deeper interest in your content.
Link clicks measure how many users followed a link in your tweet—a crucial metric if you're trying to drive traffic to a website or landing page.
Video views track how many users watched your video content (typically counting a view when 50% of the video is visible for at least 2 seconds).
Poll votes measure participation in Twitter polls, which can be an effective way to boost engagement while gathering valuable insights from your audience.
As one analytics expert explains, "Twitter counts engagement on any click within a Tweet (retweets, replies, follows, favorites, links, hashtags, media, etc.)." This comprehensive approach gives you a complete picture of how users interact with your content, helping you develop a more effective Twitter strategy.
By understanding these fundamental aspects of Twitter user engagement metrics, you'll be better equipped to create content that not only reaches your audience but truly resonates with them, turning passive followers into active participants in your brand story.
Headquartered in San Jose, in the heart of Silicon Valley and the San Francisco Bay Area, SocialSellinator proudly provides top-tier digital marketing, SEO, PPC, social media management, and content creation services to B2B and B2C SMB companies. While serving businesses across the U.S., SocialSellinator specializes in supporting clients in key cities, including Austin, Boston, Charlotte, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Kansas City, Los Angeles, New York, Portland, San Diego, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C.
Now that we understand what engagement actions look like on Twitter, let's dive deeper into the metrics that measure this engagement and what they tell us about our performance.
When you're serious about Twitter marketing, you need to know which numbers actually matter. Let's break down the essential Twitter user engagement metrics that should be on your radar:
Impressions tell you how many eyeballs have seen your tweet in total. Think of these as your overall visibility score. If someone scrolls past your tweet three times, that counts as three impressions. While impressions alone don't tell the whole story, they provide crucial context for your other metrics.
Reach takes a different approach by counting unique viewers instead. Interestingly, Twitter doesn't offer organic reach metrics in their standard analytics package (though you'll find them for paid campaigns). This has sparked some industry debate—is Twitter simplifying their reporting, or facing technical problems? Either way, it's a metric worth tracking through third-party tools when possible.
Total Engagements combines all the ways people interact with your content into one powerful number. What's fascinating is how Twitter weights different actions in their engagement formula—likes carry a 30× weight, retweets 20×, and replies 1×. This weighted approach reflects how Twitter values different types of interaction.
The golden metric most marketers focus on is Engagement Rate. This percentage shows how compelling your content truly is by dividing total engagements by impressions and multiplying by 100. For example, if your witty observation about industry trends got 100 engagements from 5,000 impressions, you're looking at a solid 2% engagement rate.
Don't overlook Follower Growth as a key indicator of your account's health. This tracks your audience expansion over time, calculated as: (followers at end of period – followers at start) ÷ followers at start. Steady growth suggests your content strategy is connecting with your target audience.
For traffic-focused marketers, Link Click-Through Rate (CTR) reveals how effectively your tweets drive visitors to your website or landing pages. A high CTR with modest impressions often outperforms viral content that generates few meaningful actions.
Here's how these metrics relate to each other in practice:
| Metric | Calculation | What It Tells You |
|---|---|---|
| Impressions | Total views | Content visibility |
| Reach | Unique viewers (paid only) | Audience size |
| Engagements | Sum of all interactions | Overall interest |
| Engagement Rate | (Engagements ÷ Impressions) × 100 | Content effectiveness |
| Follower Growth | New followers – Lost followers | Account growth |
| CTR | (Link Clicks ÷ Impressions) × 100 | Content's ability to drive traffic |
These metrics work together to tell a complete story. A tweet might rack up impressive impressions but struggle with engagement—suggesting your content reached many people but didn't inspire them to take action. This insight helps you refine your approach for future posts.
Different content formats have their own special set of metrics that help you understand what's really happening with your media-rich tweets.
When it comes to video content, the metrics go well beyond basic view counts. Video Views are counted when at least half your video is displayed and plays for at least two seconds—a fairly low bar for "viewing." That's why savvy marketers also track Video Completion Rate, which shows the percentage of viewers who stuck around for your entire message. As one industry expert pointed out: "A 2-second media view may not represent a meaningful video engagement." The truth is in the completion data.
Media View Rate (calculated as media views divided by impressions) helps you understand how many people who saw your tweet actually engaged with your video content. This metric helps separate passive scrollers from active viewers.
For image-based content, keep an eye on Media Engagements—the clicks specifically on your visuals. These interactions signal that your imagery was compelling enough to warrant closer inspection. Media Views track when users expanded your images to full-screen mode, showing deeper interest in your visual content.
If you're running polls (an often underused engagement tool), Total Votes reveals participation levels, while Vote Distribution shows how opinions split among options. Polls can generate surprisingly high engagement rates while providing valuable audience insights.
The format you choose matters tremendously. Carousel posts and GIFs typically outperform static images, while well-crafted video content often takes the engagement crown. Recent data confirms that tweets with compelling visuals receive 150% more retweets than text-only posts—a compelling reason to invest in quality visual content. For more insights on visual content performance across platforms, check out Pew Research Center's social media statistics.
Wondering how your tweets stack up against the competition? Let's break down the numbers that matter and set you up with realistic benchmarks for today's Twitter landscape.
Calculating your Twitter user engagement metrics doesn't require a math degree – just good data and a simple formula. Here's how to do it:
First, export your tweet data from Twitter Analytics (or your favorite tool). This gives you the raw numbers you'll need for an accurate assessment.
Next, choose which calculation method makes the most sense for your goals:
Private Engagement Rate is the industry standard: (Total engagements ÷ Impressions) × 100. This gives you the most comprehensive view since it includes all interactions.
For a real-world example, imagine your tweet received 150 total engagements from 5,000 impressions. Your calculation would be (150 ÷ 5,000) × 100 = 3%. Not bad!
Social media expert Kevan Lee puts it in perspective: "With 73,556 impressions and 1,782 total engagements, the engagement rate benchmark is 2.4%."
When you want to compare your performance with competitors (who won't share their impression data), use the Public Engagement Rate formula instead: (Likes + Retweets + Replies) ÷ Followers × 100. This levels the playing field by using only publicly visible metrics.
For a holistic view, calculate your average engagement across multiple tweets over a consistent timeframe – weekly or monthly works well for most brands.
Not all Twitter accounts are created equal – knowing what's "good" in your industry can save you from unnecessary panic or false confidence.
Sports teams are the engagement champions with an average rate of 0.072%, while media organizations typically see the lowest rates at around 0.009%. Most brands fall somewhere in between, with the overall average sitting at 0.029% in 2024.
The sobering reality? Engagement has declined about 20% year-over-year across Twitter. The average post now receives about 31.46 likes (down from 37.82 in 2023), 8.47 reposts, and 1.56 mentions.
Content format dramatically affects engagement. Video content typically drives 10x more interaction than text-only tweets. Those little emojis? They're not just cute – tweets with emojis (used in 26.7% of global tweets) see 25.4% higher engagement rates.
When it comes to hashtags, less is more. Tweets with one or two hashtags receive 21% higher engagement than those stuffed with three or more. And if you're not using polls yet, you might want to start – they can boost engagement by up to 1.5x compared to standard tweets.
Timing matters too. The sweet spots for posting are: - Mondays and Fridays between 10 a.m. and noon - Tuesdays through Thursdays from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
If you're in the B2B space, don't get discouraged by lower overall engagement rates (typically around 0.023% compared to 0.035% for B2C). What B2B accounts lack in quantity, they often make up for in quality – generating more meaningful conversations and higher-value leads.
Twitter engagement doesn't happen by accident. It's influenced by numerous factors, from algorithm changes to your content strategy. Understanding these elements helps you fine-tune your approach for better results.
Creating content that resonates with your audience isn't just an art—it's also a science. The most effective Twitter strategies combine creativity with data-driven insights.
Visual content is non-negotiable in today's Twitter landscape. With 97% of users focusing on visuals in ads, your tweets need eye-catching images, GIFs, or videos to stand out. Keep videos short and sweet—under 15 seconds performs best, with your branding front and center in the first 3 seconds.
Quality trumps quantity when it comes to posting frequency. The median number of tweets from brand accounts has actually decreased by 15% to just 3.31 tweets per week. This shift suggests that thoughtful, well-crafted content outperforms a constant stream of mediocre posts. As one social media manager put it: "Tweets are not like a Showtime Rotisserie Grill – you can't 'set it and forget it'."
Timing matters more than you might think. The data shows clear engagement windows, with Monday through Friday between 9 a.m. and 3 p.m. consistently delivering the best results. Mondays and Fridays specifically see peak engagement between 10 a.m. and noon—perfect for starting or ending the work week with your most important content.
Smart hashtag use can significantly boost your visibility. Tweets with one or two relevant hashtags see 21% higher engagement than those with more. The key is choosing hashtags that are both trending and genuinely relevant to your content, rather than stuffing your tweets with popular but unrelated tags.
Interactive content naturally drives engagement. Questions and polls invite participation, with polls generating 66% higher engagement rates than standard tweets. They're essentially an invitation for your audience to join the conversation, making engagement almost inevitable.
Responsiveness builds relationships. Half of Twitter users expect a response to their complaint within three hours. Meeting or exceeding this expectation doesn't just resolve individual issues—it demonstrates your commitment to customer service and encourages future engagement.
For more comprehensive strategies on building your brand presence, check out our guide on effective ways to use Twitter for brand promotion.
The introduction of paid verification on Twitter (X) has created an interesting phenomenon: "engagement farming." These are tactics designed purely to maximize metrics rather than build meaningful connections.
Engagement farming relies on provocative approaches that generate quick reactions: - Content designed specifically to trigger emotional responses (often called "rage bait") - Misleading headlines that promise more than they deliver - Tagging influential accounts that have no genuine connection to your content - Joining engagement pods where accounts agree to artificially boost each other's metrics
While these tactics might produce impressive short-term numbers, they rarely translate to business value. As one social media strategist notes: "Engagement farming often lacks authenticity needed to build a loyal audience."
Authentic community building, by contrast, focuses on creating genuine connections through:
Value-first content that solves problems or entertains your audience. Research shows 55% of Twitter users prefer informative content over promotional messages. When you consistently deliver value, engagement follows naturally.
Human-to-human conversations that acknowledge the real people behind both your brand and your audience. Injecting authentic personality and appropriate humor makes your brand relatable. As one community manager shared: "A little bit of sass (funny, not mean) can go a long way in getting people to engage."
Storytelling that creates emotional connections. Share customer success stories, behind-the-scenes glimpses, or personal anecdotes to humanize your brand. These narratives help followers see themselves in your content, making engagement more likely.
User-generated content that celebrates your community. When you spotlight your followers' content, you not only get fresh material but also strengthen community bonds. People love seeing themselves recognized by brands they follow.
The data speaks for itself: One-third of Twitter users have made a purchase after a positive experience on the platform. These conversions stem from authentic interactions, not artificially inflated metrics.
When evaluating your Twitter performance, look beyond raw numbers. Are users leaving thoughtful comments? Are they sharing your content with personal endorsements? These qualitative indicators often reveal more about your social media success than numbers alone.
For more strategies to build genuine engagement across all your social platforms, explore our Top 10 Strategies for Boosting Social Media Engagement.
Measuring what matters on Twitter requires both the right tools and smart strategies. Let's explore how to effectively monitor your engagement metrics and turn that data into winning tactics.
The analytics landscape offers plenty of options, from free native tools to sophisticated third-party platforms. Finding the right fit depends on your specific needs and budget.
Twitter (X) Analytics provides the essentials without costing a dime. While it might not offer all the bells and whistles of paid alternatives, it delivers reliable first-party data on impressions, engagements, and engagement rates. Think of it as your starter home in the analytics neighborhood—perfectly functional but perhaps lacking some amenities.
For those running paid campaigns, X Ads Manager opens additional doors, including access to reach metrics (surprisingly absent from organic analytics). You can customize your dashboard to spotlight the metrics that matter most to your specific campaigns.
Hootsuite Analytics takes a more holistic approach, bringing your Twitter metrics together with other social platforms. I particularly appreciate how it distinguishes between overall page performance and the results of specific posts published within your selected timeframe. This clarity helps identify whether changes in performance stem from new content or ongoing engagement with older posts.
Sprout Social wins points for its user-friendly interface and robust competitive analysis tools. Its sentiment analysis feature helps you understand not just how much engagement you're getting, but the emotional tone behind those interactions—crucial for brand reputation management.
For Twitter specialists, Metricool offers deep dives into platform-specific metrics, with particularly strong video performance analysis and hashtag tracking. Meanwhile, Social Status provides valuable context through monthly engagement benchmarks based on hundreds of thousands of indexed tweets.
When shopping for your analytics dashboard, consider: - How well it plays with your other marketing platforms - The depth and breadth of available metrics - Report quality and data visualization options - Price relative to the features you'll actually use - Any API limitations that might affect data accuracy
For marketing teams juggling multiple social channels, unified dashboards deliver significant advantages. They help you spot cross-platform patterns, compare relative performance, and make smarter resource allocation decisions.
Numbers alone won't improve your Twitter performance—it's what you do with them that counts. Here's how to transform raw data into strategic gold:
Set SMART goals that give your metrics meaning. Rather than vaguely aiming to "increase engagement," commit to something specific: "Boost our average engagement rate from 0.029% to 0.045% within the next quarter." This clarity makes progress measurable and success definable.
Align your metrics with business objectives to avoid vanity metrics that look impressive but don't advance your goals. Building brand awareness? Focus on impressions and follower growth. Driving website traffic? Prioritize link clicks and CTR.
Create regular review cycles to stay responsive to changing trends. As one social media director put it, "Revisit your conversion funnel as much as possible—especially the top of the funnel—to capture new audiences." Weekly metric reviews keep you nimble, while monthly strategic assessments help maintain your long-term direction.
Develop content iteration loops that continuously refine your approach. When a tweet performs exceptionally well, don't just celebrate—analyze what made it successful. Was it the topic? The format? The timing? The tone? Then deliberately apply those insights to future content.
Use competitive benchmarking to set realistic expectations. An engagement rate that seems disappointing in isolation might actually be outperforming your industry. Context matters enormously when evaluating social media success.
Look for cross-platform connections between Twitter engagement and activity on other channels. This broader perspective prevents tunnel vision and helps you understand how Twitter fits into your overall marketing ecosystem.
Most importantly, translate engagement into business outcomes. Track how social interactions correlate with website traffic, lead generation, and ultimately, conversions. One effective approach is categorizing your content by type, topic, and format, then analyzing which combinations drive not just engagement, but meaningful business results.
For example, you might find that video tutorials posted Tuesday mornings consistently generate both high engagement and quality website traffic. With this insight, you can adjust your content calendar to capitalize on what's working.
For deeper insights on measuring social media impact beyond basic engagement metrics, explore our comprehensive guide on Measuring Social Media Success.
Headquartered in San Jose, in the heart of Silicon Valley and the San Francisco Bay Area, SocialSellinator proudly provides top-tier digital marketing, SEO, PPC, social media management, and content creation services to B2B and B2C SMB companies. While serving businesses across the U.S., SocialSellinator specializes in supporting clients in key cities, including Austin, Boston, Charlotte, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Kansas City, Los Angeles, New York, Portland, San Diego, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C.
Wondering what engagement rate you should aim for? You're not alone! The truth is, a "good" rate varies widely depending on your industry, content type, and audience size.
For 2024/2025, here's a friendly benchmark guide:
Excellent: Anything above 0.102% (what top brands achieve)
Good: Between 0.045% and 0.102%
Average: Around 0.029% (the overall platform average)
Below Average: Under 0.029%
Sports teams are the engagement champions, typically hitting around 0.072%, while media accounts often struggle the most at about 0.009%. It's worth noting that engagement rates have taken about a 20% dip year-over-year, so don't be too hard on yourself if your numbers aren't what they used to be.
Rather than obsessing over industry averages, I'd recommend tracking your own performance over time. As one social media expert wisely puts it: "There's no right or wrong way to calculate ER, only different approaches for different purposes." Your growth journey is unique to your brand!
This is one of the most common questions I hear! The difference comes down to counting unique people versus total views:
Impressions count every single time your tweet appears on someone's screen. If the same person scrolls past your tweet three separate times, that's three impressions.
Reach counts the number of unique users who saw your tweet. If one person sees your tweet a dozen times, that still counts as just one in your reach.
Interestingly, Twitter (or X, if we're being current) doesn't provide organic reach metrics in its standard analytics dashboard. You can only see reach for paid campaigns. Some speculate this is Twitter simplifying its reporting, while others think it might be a technical limitation in tracking unique viewers for organic content.
When you're comparing your performance across different social platforms, keep in mind that networks use these terms differently. Facebook puts a big emphasis on reach, while Twitter's reporting revolves around impressions.
For calculating your Twitter user engagement metrics, most marketers use impressions as the denominator (engagements ÷ impressions × 100) since that's the data most readily available.
If you're focused on turning social media activity into business results (and who isn't?), some engagement metrics have stronger conversion power than others:
Link Clicks and CTR typically show the strongest correlation with website visits and potential sales. Research shows that one-third of Twitter users have made a purchase after a positive platform experience, often starting with that crucial link click.
Replies and Mentions signal deeper engagement than passive actions. When someone takes time to comment, they're showing genuine interest in your brand – and interested people are more likely to convert.
Profile Visits are golden opportunities. When users check out your profile after seeing a tweet, they're actively seeking more information about your brand – a key step in their buyer journey.
Quote Tweets (retweets with comments) are particularly valuable because users are publicly associating themselves with your content and adding their perspective. That's serious endorsement power!
Video Completion Rate tells you who's invested enough to watch your entire video – these highly engaged viewers are prime conversion candidates.
Quality often trumps quantity when it comes to predicting conversions. A handful of thoughtful replies might lead to more business than hundreds of casual likes. Focus on creating clear paths from engagement to action with compelling calls-to-action and conversion-optimized landing pages.
For maximum impact, try following up with your most engaged users through direct messages or targeted campaigns. These warm leads have already shown interest in what you offer!
Headquartered in San Jose, in the heart of Silicon Valley and the San Francisco Bay Area, SocialSellinator proudly provides top-tier digital marketing, SEO, PPC, social media management, and content creation services to B2B and B2C SMB companies. While serving businesses across the U.S., SocialSellinator specializes in supporting clients in key cities, including Austin, Boston, Charlotte, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Kansas City, Los Angeles, New York, Portland, San Diego, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C.
The world of Twitter user engagement metrics is rich with insights that can transform your social media strategy. Throughout this guide, we've explored how these metrics reveal the heartbeat of your audience's connection with your content. From simple thumbs-up gestures to deep conversations, each interaction tells part of your brand's story on the platform.
When you step back and look at the big picture, several important themes emerge:
Engagement is more than just numbers – it represents real people taking time to interact with your brand. While likes and retweets provide quick feedback, replies and quote tweets often signal deeper connection. Each metric offers a unique window into how your audience perceives and values your content.
Context matters tremendously when evaluating your performance. That average engagement rate of 0.029% across industries? It's a helpful starting point, but not the whole story. Top brands pushing past 0.102% didn't get there overnight. They studied their audience, tested different approaches, and refined their voice over time.
Your industry shapes expectations in significant ways. Sports teams enjoying their 0.072% engagement rate have built-in passion and tribalism working in their favor, while media accounts often struggle at 0.009% amid information overload. Knowing where you stand relative to similar accounts provides realistic benchmarks.
Authentic community building beats engagement farming every time. While it might be tempting to chase metrics through provocative content or engagement pods, these tactics rarely translate to business results. As one expert colorfully put it: "Tweets are like children. You need to nurture them over time and keep testing and refining until you get it right."
Strategic action comes from thoughtful analysis. The most successful brands don't just collect data – they use it to inform decisions about content themes, posting schedules, visual elements, and tone of voice. Regular review cycles help identify what resonates and what falls flat.
Social media success rarely happens overnight. The brands that thrive on Twitter maintain consistency, authenticity, and a genuine desire to connect with their audience. They view engagement not as the end goal but as evidence they're creating value for the people they aim to serve.
At SocialSellinator, we understand the challenges of translating Twitter engagement into tangible business outcomes. Our approach combines creative content development with data-driven strategy and community management to build meaningful connections that drive growth. We believe the best results come from authentic interactions, not artificial metrics.
Ready to take your Twitter strategy to the next level? Learn more about our comprehensive social media services and find how we can help you build an engaged community that supports your business objectives.
Headquartered in San Jose, in the heart of Silicon Valley and the San Francisco Bay Area, SocialSellinator proudly provides top-tier digital marketing, SEO, PPC, social media management, and content creation services to B2B and B2C SMB companies. While serving businesses across the U.S., SocialSellinator specializes in supporting clients in key cities, including Austin, Boston, Charlotte, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Kansas City, Los Angeles, New York, Portland, San Diego, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C.